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AWS Costs: 8 Things You Should Know

Understanding AWS Pricing

AWS uses a pay-as-you-go pricing model, but understanding the nuances can save you significant money and prevent surprise bills.

Pay-As-You-Go Pricing Model

No upfront costs, no minimum commitments. You only pay for the compute time, storage, and data transfer you actually use. Most services bill by the second (EC2, Fargate) or by usage metrics (Lambda requests, API calls).

Regional Pricing Differences

AWS pricing varies by region. US East (N. Virginia) is typically the cheapest, while Asia Pacific and South America regions can cost 20-50% more for the same services. Choose your region based on latency requirements and cost trade-offs.

Data Transfer Costs

Data transfer INTO AWS is free (ingress), but data transfer OUT (egress) costs $0.09-0.15/GB depending on region and volume. Inter-region transfer costs $0.02/GB. Data transfer within the same availability zone is free, but between AZs costs $0.01-0.02/GB.

Common Hidden Costs

NAT Gateways cost $0.045/hour (~$32/month) plus $0.045/GB processed. Load Balancers start at $18-22/month. Elastic IPs cost $0.005/hour when not attached to running instances. EBS storage charges persist for stopped EC2 instances at ~$0.10/GB/month.

Pricing Tiers and Volume Discounts

Many AWS services have tiered pricing—the more you use, the lower your per-unit cost. S3 storage, for example, drops from $0.023/GB for the first 50TB to $0.021/GB for 450TB+. Data transfer costs also decrease with volume.

On-Demand vs Reserved vs Spot Pricing

On-Demand = standard pay-as-you-go (full price). Reserved Instances = 1-3 year commitments for up to 72% savings. Spot Instances = bid on spare capacity for up to 90% savings (can be interrupted). Savings Plans offer flexibility with up to 72% savings.

Billing Granularity

EC2 and most compute services bill per second with 1-minute minimums. Lambda bills per millisecond. Storage services like S3 and EBS bill monthly based on GB-hours. Understanding billing granularity helps optimize costs by stopping resources when not needed.

Cost Explorer vs Pricing Calculator

AWS Pricing Calculator estimates future costs before deployment (planning tool). AWS Cost Explorer analyzes historical spending after deployment (analysis tool). Cost Explorer is free but updates 3 times daily, not real-time.

AWS Free Tier: What's Actually Free?

Three Types of Free Tier

AWS Free Tier has three distinct offerings: Always Free (permanent), 12 Months Free (new accounts), and Trials (short-term). Understanding the differences prevents surprise charges.

Always Free (Permanent)

Services that remain free forever: 1M Lambda requests/month, 1M API Gateway requests/month, 25GB DynamoDB storage, 5GB S3 Standard storage (first 12 months, then paid), 10 custom CloudWatch metrics, 25 DynamoDB write capacity units, 25 read capacity units.

12 Months Free (New Accounts Only)

Free for 12 months from account creation: 750 hours/month t2.micro or t3.micro EC2 (Linux/Windows), 750 hours/month RDS db.t2.micro (single-AZ), 5GB S3 Standard storage, 30GB EBS storage (any combination of GP2/GP3), 15GB data transfer out per month.

Trials (Short-Term Free)

Limited-time free trials: Amazon Lightsail (3 months, $3.50/month value), Amazon Inspector (15 days), AWS Secrets Manager (30 days, $0.40/secret after), AWS Step Functions (4,000 state transitions free always).

What Happens When Free Tier Expires

After 12 months, your account automatically transitions to standard pay-as-you-go pricing. You won't lose access to services, but charges begin immediately.

EC2 Costs After Free Tier

t2.micro Linux instance costs ~$8.40/month (24/7) or ~$0.0116/hour after free tier. t3.micro is slightly cheaper at ~$7.50/month. Windows instances cost ~2x more due to licensing fees.

Storage Costs Continue

EBS volumes cost ~$0.10/GB/month for gp3, ~$0.12/GB/month for gp2 (includes stopped instances). 30GB volume = ~$3-3.60/month. S3 Standard storage costs $0.023/GB/month after first 5GB. RDS db.t3.micro costs ~$15.33/month (single-AZ).

Common Surprises

Elastic IPs cost $0.005/hour (~$3.60/month) if not attached to a running instance. Data transfer out exceeding 15GB/month costs $0.09/GB. Snapshot storage costs $0.05/GB/month (not included in EBS free tier).

How to Avoid Surprise Charges

Set up AWS Budgets alerts (2 free action-enabled budgets). Enable AWS Cost Anomaly Detection (free). Review your Free Tier usage dashboard regularly. Clean up unused resources (snapshots, Elastic IPs, old EBS volumes) before month 12.

10 AWS Cost Optimization Strategies

1

Rightsize EC2 instances with AWS Compute Optimizer

AWS Compute Optimizer analyzes your usage patterns and recommends optimal instance types. Many users over-provision by 40-60%. Rightsizing can save 20-40% on EC2 costs immediately. The service is free and provides machine learning-based recommendations.

2

Use Reserved Instances & Savings Plans (up to 72% savings)

For predictable workloads, commit to 1-3 year Reserved Instances or Savings Plans for up to 72% discounts vs On-Demand. Savings Plans offer more flexibility across instance families and regions. Start with Compute Savings Plans for maximum flexibility.

3

Leverage Spot Instances for non-critical workloads (up to 90% savings)

Spot Instances cost 70-90% less than On-Demand but can be interrupted with 2-minute notice. Ideal for batch processing, CI/CD, big data analytics, and stateless web servers with load balancers. Use Spot Fleet or EC2 Auto Scaling for automatic fallback to On-Demand.

4

Implement S3 Intelligent-Tiering & lifecycle policies

S3 Intelligent-Tiering automatically moves objects between access tiers based on usage patterns, saving up to 95% vs S3 Standard. Set lifecycle policies to transition old data to Glacier ($0.004/GB/month) or delete after retention periods. No retrieval fees for Intelligent-Tiering.

5

Clean up orphaned resources regularly

Unused EBS snapshots, unattached EBS volumes, old AMIs, and unused Elastic IPs waste money. Use AWS Config rules or third-party tools to identify orphaned resources. Schedule quarterly cleanup reviews. Unused Elastic IPs alone cost $3.60/month each.

6

Use CloudWatch to identify idle resources

Set up CloudWatch alarms for low CPU utilization (< 5% for 7+ days) to identify idle EC2 instances. Check RDS database connections, idle load balancers, and underutilized NAT Gateways. Stopping or downsizing idle resources can save 30-50% on compute costs.

7

Enable AWS Cost Anomaly Detection (free)

AWS Cost Anomaly Detection uses machine learning to detect unusual spending patterns and sends automatic alerts. It's completely free and catches cost spikes before they accumulate. Set thresholds per service or account and receive SNS notifications.

8

Implement a tagging strategy for cost allocation

Tag all resources with Project, Environment, Owner, and CostCenter tags. Use AWS Cost Allocation Tags to track spending by department, project, or team. Create tag-based budgets to enforce accountability. Automated tagging via CloudFormation or Terraform ensures consistency.

9

Consider multi-region pricing differences

US East (N. Virginia) is typically 10-30% cheaper than other regions. If latency allows, deploy non-customer-facing workloads (CI/CD, batch processing) in cheaper regions. Use CloudFront CDN to serve content globally from a single origin region.

10

Use AWS Cost Explorer for historical analysis

AWS Cost Explorer (free) provides detailed cost breakdowns by service, region, and tag. Analyze spending trends, identify top cost drivers, and forecast future costs. Set up monthly cost reviews to catch trends early. Filter by linked accounts for multi-account visibility.

AWS Cost Management Tools Comparison

AWS offers multiple native tools for cost management. Understanding when to use each tool helps optimize your AWS spending effectively.

Tool

AWS Pricing Calculator

Purpose

Estimate costs before deployment

Best For

Planning new architectures, comparing service costs

Cost

Free

Tool

AWS Cost Explorer

Purpose

Analyze historical spending patterns

Best For

Understanding past costs, identifying trends, forecasting

Cost

Free

Tool

AWS Budgets

Purpose

Set spending thresholds and alerts

Best For

Preventing overspending, automated cost controls

Cost

2 free, then $3/mo

Tool

AWS Cost Anomaly Detection

Purpose

Detect unusual spending with ML

Best For

Catching cost spikes early, anomaly alerts

Cost

Free

Tool

AWS Compute Optimizer

Purpose

Rightsizing recommendations

Best For

Optimizing EC2, Lambda, EBS, ECS/Fargate sizing

Cost

Free

Tool

AWS Billing Conductor

Purpose

Custom billing views and rates

Best For

Showback/chargeback, resellers, custom pricing

Cost

Free

Tool

Cost and Usage Report (CUR)

Purpose

Detailed billing data export

Best For

Advanced analysis, BI tools integration, custom reporting

Cost

Free (S3 storage costs apply)

AWS Cost Calculator FAQ

Common questions about AWS costs, pricing models, and cost optimization strategies

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